Sort By: Good Essays. [40] No formal declarations of war have been made since World War II, although in 1973 the Whitlam Government advised the governor-general to proclaim the end of Australia's involvement in Vietnam, despite the lack of an initiating proclamation. Appointment The Governor-General is appointed by the Crown, in practice on the advice of Australian Ministers of the Crown. Australia's constitution, which can be considered crudely as an amalgam of the constitutional forms of the United Kingdom and the United States, was adopted in 1900 and entered into force in 1901. We pay our respects to elders past and present. Lord Dudley was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (19021905). Then, the Governor-General, as Chancellor of the Order of Australia and Her Excellency Mrs Linda Hurley, invested Air Marshal Kevin Short AO, Chief of the New Zealand Defence Force. Powers exercised in council, which are not reserve powers, include: All such actions are taken on the advice of ministers. This gives the minister sweeping powers, including imposing restrictions or preventing the movement of people and goods between specified places, and evacuations. The reserve powers are, according to the Constitution of Australia: Those powers are generally and routinely exercised on ministerial advice, but the governor-general retains the ability to act independently in certain circumstances, as governed by convention. This, among other things, led to the Statute of Westminster 1931 and to the formal separation of the Crowns of the Dominions. However, Scullin stood firm, saying he would be prepared to fight a general election on the issue of whether an Australian should be prevented from becoming governor-general because he was Australian. Examples of this have been the Flags Act (1953), the Royal Styles and Titles Acts (1953 and 1973), and the Australia Act (1986). The Australia Day 2023 Honours List recognises and celebrates 1,047 recipients, including 736 in the General Division of the Order of Australia and awards for meritorious, distinguished and conspicuous service. In Commentaries on the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, Garran noted that, since the Australian executive is national in nature (being dependent on the nationally elected House of Representatives, rather than the Senate), "the Governor-General, as the official head of the Executive, does not in the smallest degree represent any federal element; if he represents anything he is the image and embodiment of national unity and the outward and visible representation of the Imperial relationship of the Commonwealth".[34]. "I think that that will be an enormous occasion.". Whenever the Governor-General makes a public statement, they avoid personal opinions and do not comment on political and other controversies. In 2007, media outlets reported that Prince William might become governor-general of Australia. The 30 recipients of awards in the Military Division of the Order of Australia include: The 64 recipients of Distinguished and Conspicuous awards include: An additional 77 Australians recognised for their contribution in support of Australias response to the COVID-19 pandemic have been added to the COVID-19 Honour Roll. The governor-general of Australia is the representative of the monarch, currently King Charles III, in Australia. [64] (Lord Stamfordham had complained that Scullin had "put a gun to the King's head".). These powers remain in section 59 of the Constitution of Australia, but today are regarded as dead letters. The first Governor-General, the Earl of Hopetoun, was a previous governor of Victoria. Become an expert in teaching about the Australian Parliament with our curriculum-aligned education. Australia will be represented at the coronation of King Charles III by Prime Minister Anthony Albanese and Governor-General David Hurley, it has been confirmed. Gorton agreed to put the matter to his ministers, and a cabinet meeting agreed that troops should only be called out if requested by the territory's administrator; this did not occur. The functions of the governor-general include appointing ministers, judges, and ambassadors; giving royal assent to legislation passed by parliament; issuing writs for election; and bestowing Australian honours.[6]. [33] The Biosecurity (Human Biosecurity Emergency) (Human Coronavirus with Pandemic Potential) Declaration 2020 was declared by Governor-General David Hurley under Section 475 of the Act. In 1947, Labor appointed a second Australian Governor-General, William McKell, who was in office as the Labor premier of New South Wales. In an address to the Sydney Institute, January 2007, in connection with that event, Sir David Smith, a retired official secretary to the governor-general of Australia who had been Kerr's official secretary in 1975, described the constitution as conferring the powers and functions of Australia's head of state on the governor-general in "his own right". "Charles is our Head of State, and he will be welcomed here as would other members of the Royal Family at any time," the Prime Minister said. Mr Albanese added he was looking forward to welcoming King Charles to Australia to mark his first trip Down Under as monarch. Governors-General Since 1901 There have been twenty-seven Governors-General of the Commonwealth of Australia since 1901. Representative of the monarch of Australia, Sir Isaac Isaacs, the first Australian-born governor-general, 19311936, Dame Quentin Bryce, the first female governor-general, 20082014. The statement was later issued by the Prime Minister's Press Office. After Scullin's defeat in 1931, non-Labor governments continued to recommend British people for appointment as governor-general, but such appointments remained solely a matter between the Australian government and the monarch. The usual wording of official announcements of this nature read "The King has been pleased to appoint ", but on this occasion the announcement said merely "The King has appointed ", and his private secretary (Lord Stamfordham) asked the Australian solicitor-general, Sir Robert Garran, to make sure that Scullin was aware of the exact wording. Section 4 of the constitution allows the Monarch to appoint an administrator to carry out the role of governor-general when there is a vacancy. The Governor General is the Commander-in-Chief of the Australian Defence Force. Mr Albanese told reporters on Saturday how he has accepted an invitation to attend the crowning of the monarch in the United Kingdom alongside Mr Hurley. Macquarie joined the British army as a boy and served in North America . Each state has a governor, who is appointed by the King on the advice of the Premier (head of government) of that state. "It will also provide an opportunity to look forwards and demonstrate the many ways the UK is working in partnership with France and Germany. The salutation for a letter should be "Your Excellency" or "Dear Mrs Hurley ". In our opinion it is an essential consequence of the equality of status existing among the members of the British Commonwealth of Nations that the Governor-General of a Dominion is the representative of the Crown, holding in all essential respects the same position in relation to the administration of public affairs in the Dominion as is held by His Majesty the King in Great Britain, and that he is not the representative or agent of His Majesty's Government in Great Britain or of any Department of that Government. Later, the Governor-General received Ms Minoli Perera, Ambassador- designate to Zimbabwe. Term of Office. Significant post-retirement activities of earlier Governors-General have included: Lord Tennyson was appointed Deputy Governor of the Isle of Wight; Sir Ronald Munro Ferguson (by now Lord Novar) became Secretary of State for Scotland; and Lord Gowrie became Chairman of the Marylebone Cricket Club (Lord Forster had also held this post, before his appointment as governor-general). The King maintained that it was now his sole prerogative to choose a governor-general, and he wanted Field-Marshal Sir William Birdwood for the Australian post. Sir John Kerr resigned in 1977, with his official reason being his decision to accept the position of Australian Ambassador to UNESCO in Paris, a post which ultimately he did not take up, but the resignation also being motivated by the 1975 constitutional controversy. [38] There is some ambiguity with regard to the role of the governor-general in declarations of war. These duties are essential to Australia's modern democracy, however perhaps the most important role of the Governor-General is their work in the Australian community. On 8 May 1953 Slim was sworn in as governor-general of Australia. Leading Australias response, celebration and acknowledgement at commemorative events. Such assent has usually been given during a scheduled visit to Australia by Queen Elizabeth II. Traditionally, the ceremony takes place in the Senate chamber. In practice, early Governors-General were appointed by the United Kingdom's Colonial Secretary. After receiving their commission, the new governor-general takes an Oath of Allegiance to the monarch and an Oath of Office. A list of all former Governors-General. They are entitled to the courtesy style Her Excellency or His Excellency during the office-holder's term of office. The governor-general makes state visits overseas on behalf of Australia, during which an administrator of the government is appointed. Occasionally governors-general have made extended tours visiting multiple countries, notably in 2009 when Quentin Bryce visited nine African countries in 19 days. In 1930, King George V and the Australian Prime Minister James Scullin discussed the appointment of a new Governor-General to replace Lord Stonehaven, whose term was coming to an end. Register, Join the conversation, you are commenting as Logout, Join the conversation, you are commenting as. Find out more about our policy and your choices, including how to opt-out. "And I know that when I met with King Charles, we had a discussion about a visit, and I of course conveyed that he would always be welcomed here.". Please read ourPrivacy Statement. The official cars of the governor-general fly the Flag of the Governor-General of Australia and display St. Edward's Crown instead of number plates. Join in the funand the learningwith the Parliamentary Education Offices immersive learning program. On 29 November, the King agreed to Isaacs's appointment, but made it clear that he did so only because he felt he had no option. Each year the Governor-General hosts or attends hundreds ofevents around the country and meet tens of thousands of Australians. Each recipient has something in common someone nominated them. [66], In 1965 the Menzies conservative government appointed an Australian, Lord Casey, and thereafter only Australians have held the position. They include appointing the chief of the Defence Force and authorising the deployment of troops. The dismissal of the Whitlam Government by Governor-General Sir John Kerr was perhaps the most dramatic and controversial event in Australia's constitutional and political history. Hopetoun left for England on 17 July 1902. Answer (1 of 7): Firstly anyone with that ambition will be unsuitable for the job and will miss out. And it is exercisable by the Queen's representative, not her delegate or agent. The Governor-General has specific constitutional and statutory powers. The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia, The Office of the Official Secretary to the Governor-General, Her Excellency Mrs Linda Hurley's biography, Receiving a congratulatory message from the Governor-General, The Governor-General's Official residences, Presiding over the Federal Executive Council, Facilitating the work of the Commonwealth Parliament and Government, Dissolving Parliament and issuing writs for a Federal election, Commissioning the Prime Minister; appointing Ministers and Assistant Ministers; and swearing-in other statutory positions. Australia's national anthem is Advance Australia Fair. However, that custom fell into disuse during the tenure of Sir Paul Hasluck. The most important power is found in section 58: "When a proposed law passed by both Houses of Parliament is presented to the Governor-General for the Queen's assent, he shall declare that he assents in the Queen's name." . Former leading politicians and members of the judiciary have figured prominently. Through our accessible, immersive, experiential programs and resources, the PEO fosters informed, engaged and active citizens of all ages. During the 1920s, the importance of the position declined. 2014-2019. The Governor-General is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Australian Defence Force. Hollingworth resigned on 28 May 2003. John Robert Kerr (1914-1991), lawyer, judge, and governor-general, was born on 24 September 1914 at Balmain, Sydney, eldest of eight children of New South Wales-born parents Harry Kerr, boilermaker, and his wife Laura May, ne Cardwell. The same individuals were also usually either peers, knights, or both (the only Australian peer to be appointed as governor-general was the Lord Casey; and Sir William McKell was knighted only in 1951, some years into his term, but he was entitled to the style "The Honourable" during his tenure as premier of New South Wales, an office he held until almost immediately before his appointment). It is encouraging to see an increase in diversity in the Order of Australia. The Governor-General of Australia is a powerful person in the country. Defence Minister Malcolm Fraser, who opposed the call out, was responsible for informing Hasluck of the prime minister's lack of consultation. A governor-general is not appointed for a specific term, but is generally expected to serve for five years subject to a possible short extension. On 6 May 2021, when Morrison took the treasury and home affairs ministries with Hurley's approval, the governor general says in his program that he attended two ceremonies where Order of . He stated that the governor-general was more than a representative of the sovereign, explaining: "under section 2 of the Constitution the Governor-General is the Queen's representative and exercises certain royal prerogative powers and functions; under section 61 of the Constitution the Governor-General is the holder of a quite separate and independent office created, not by the Crown, but by the Constitution, and empowered to exercise, in his own right as Governor-General all the powers and functions of Australia's head of state."[21]. The convention gradually became established throughout the Commonwealth that the Governor-General is a citizen of the country concerned, and is appointed on the advice of the government of that country. She was the first woman to be the Governor-General. Permission should be sought from Office of the Governor-General for third-party or commercial uses of this image. The Governor-General encourages, articulates and represents the things that unite Australia as a nation. Governor-General. [46] Bill Hayden declined the office on the grounds of his atheism, which was incompatible with the Scout Promise. [15] In 1961, Lord Dunrossil became the first and, to date, only governor-general to die while holding office. In writing, on an envelope or address block of an email: --His/Her Excellency [49] The current salary is $425,000 and there is a generous pension. The Constitution of Australia is a written document, which came into effect when the six colonies federated to form the Commonwealth of Australia in . Dame Quentin Bryce was the first governor-general to have had no prior title or pre-nominal style. Lord Casey was Governor of Bengal in between his periods of service to the Australian Parliament. The couple will then travel to Berlin, Brandenburg and Hamburg in Germany, where the trip wraps up on March 31. [32], In addition to the formal constitutional role, the governor-general has a representative and ceremonial role, though the extent and nature of that role has depended on the expectations of the time, the individual in office at the time, the wishes of the incumbent government, and the individual's reputation in the wider community. In 1945, John Curtin nominated Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, to the post the first and only royal officeholder. New details have emerged about the role Australia will play at the coronation of King Charles III, as the government responds to questions about a visit to Australia by the monarch. ", The Governor-General in his swearing-in speech. The governor-general is formally appointed by the monarch of Australia, in terms of letters patent issued by the monarch at some time during their reign and counter-signed by the then prime minister. During Elizabeth II's 2011 visit to Australia, she and the Duke of Edinburgh were driven in a Range Rover Vogue. It is generally held that the governor-general may use powers without ministerial advice in the following situations: The use of the reserve powers may arise in the following circumstances: The above is not an exhaustive list, and new situations may arise. Then, the Governor-General, as Chancellor of the Order of Australia and Her Excellency Mrs Linda Hurley, invested Air Marshal Kevin Short AO, Chief of the New Zealand Defence Force. Sir, "David Hurley named next governor general of Australia", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_governors-general_of_Australia&oldid=1140852633, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 22 February 2023, at 02:42. SA Premier Steven Marshall said the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade secretary would replace current Governor Hieu Van Le. Australian News Channel Pty Ltd 2017 - 2023. Menzies had sought a man of stature, one who had no involvement in Australian politics, and one who would represent the monarch effectively. YARRALUMLA ACT 2600, Tel: (02) 6283 3533E-mail the Governor-General or Government House. The Governor-General engaging in ceremonial duties. Welcome to the page of the Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Residence of Governor General Sydney Australia Unused Private Postcard H17 at the best online prices at eBay! The Governor-General of Australia is the representative in Australia of Australia's head of state, Charles III. Lachlan Macquarie, (born January 31, 1761, Ulva, Argyllshire, Scotlanddied July 1, 1824, London, England), early governor of New South Wales, Australia (1810-21), who expanded opportunities for Emancipists (freed convicts) and established a balance of power with the Exclusionists (large landowners and sheep farmers). Form letters or emails generated as part of a broader campaign will not be responded to. Governor-General of Australia The office of governor-general for the Commonwealth of Australia was conceived during the debates and conventions leading up to federation. Theyre the first to show up and the last to leave. By convention, the governor-general and any family occupy an official residence in Canberra, Government House (commonly referred to as Yarralumla). He later stepped down over the church's handling of allegations of sexual abuse of boys, for which he apologised before the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse in 2016. [44] The incident contributed to Fraser's resignation from cabinet in 1971 and Gorton's subsequent loss of the prime ministership.[45]. [51] However, for official business, the current choice of car is an armoured BMW 7 Series.[52]. In practice, they are Australia's Head of State and have a range of constitutional and ceremonial duties. The Governor-General, wearing a suit and medals on the left side of his chest, talks to people in a crowd. She was in office when, on 19 March 2014, Elizabeth II, acting on the advice of Prime Minister Tony Abbott, amended the letters patent of the Order of Australia to provide, inter alia, that the governor-general would be, ex officio, Principal Knight or Principal Dame of the order. [37], Under section 68 of the constitution, "the command in chief of the naval and military forces of the Commonwealth is vested in the GovernorGeneral". The Governor-General is officially appointed by the Queen as Head of State. 25. - hear from some recipients. Two other men sit on the other side of the desk. These means the Governor-General is a part of both the Parliament and the executive government, and carries out tasks on behalf of the King. It established a constitutional monarchy, with the British monarch, represented locally by a governor-general, the reigning sovereign of Australia. Both the prime minister, John Howard, and Clarence House repudiated the suggestion.[67][68]. The salutation for a letter should be "Your Excellency" or "Dear Governor-General". "[21], As early as 1901, the authoritative commentary by Quick and Garran had noted that the governor-general of Australia was distinguished from other Empire governors-general by the fact that "[t]he principal and most important of his powers and functions, legislative as well as executive, are expressly conferred on him by the terms of the Constitution itself not by Royal authority, but by statutory authority". Sections 58 to 60 allow the governor-general to withhold assent, suggest changes, refer to the Monarch or proclaim that the Monarch has annulled the legislation. Place of birth. The Governor-General wearing a shirt and tie sits at a desk with a pen in hand. A vacancy occurs on the resignation, death, or incapacity of the governor-general. Various governors-general had previously served as governors of an Australian state or colony: Lord Hopetoun (Victoria 18891895); Lord Tennyson (South Australia 18991902); Lord Gowrie (South Australia 192834; and New South Wales 19351936); Major General Michael Jeffery (Western Australia 19932000); Dame Quentin Bryce (Queensland 20032008); General David Hurley (New South Wales 20142019). [65] The opposition Nationalist Party of Australia denounced the appointment as "practically republican", but Scullin had set a precedent. This right not only to advise the monarch directly, but also to expect that advice to be accepted, was soon taken up by all the other Dominion prime ministers.
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